Agricultural Diversification in India
Agricultural diversification is crucial for economic growth. It involves shifting from traditional agricultural practices to a more dynamic, commercialized sector by introducing high-value crops and diversified activities such as poultry, livestock, and fisheries. This transformation stimulates higher production rates and improves economic stability, especially in rural areas.
Diversification is driven by advancements in technology, shifts in consumer demand, government policies, and improvements in infrastructure such as transportation and irrigation.
Two Aspects of Agricultural Diversification
Change in Cropping Pattern: Moving away from traditional crops towards high-value crops such as fruits, vegetables, and cash crops that have better market demand.
Workforce Diversification: Shifting manpower from purely agricultural activities to allied sectors like poultry, livestock, and fisheries, as well as non-agricultural activities. This diversification helps rural populations earn supplementary income and fight poverty.
Poultry and Livestock in Agricultural Diversification
Animal Husbandry: Many farmers in India adopt a mixed crop-livestock system to enhance their income and living standards. Animal husbandry involves breeding, farming, and managing animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Over 70 million small and medium farmers, including a large portion of the female workforce, depend on livestock for their livelihood.
Fisheries: Aquaculture is an essential part of agricultural diversification, contributing to food security and economic development. India’s fish production comes from both inland sources (64%) and marine sectors (36%). Fisheries contribute about 0.8% to India’s GDP, offering a vital source of livelihood for millions.
Horticulture in Agricultural Diversification
Horticulture focuses on growing garden crops such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, and medicinal plants. This sector plays a significant role in ensuring food security, nutritional needs, and rural employment. Horticulture contributes to about 6% of India’s GDP and accounts for one-third of the agricultural output. It offers a profitable alternative to traditional farming and is a major player in agricultural diversification.
Reason for Diversification of Agricultural Activities
Types of Diversification
Benefits of Diversification
Types of Non-Farm Employment in Rural Areas
